1. Qualitative
research is a process of enquiry aimed at understanding human behavior by
building complex, holistic pictures of the social and cultural settings in
which such behavior occurs. It does so by analyzing words rather than numbers,
and by reporting the detailed views of the people who have been studied.
2. Qualitative
research seeks to understand the what, how , when, and where of an event or an
action in order to establish its meaning, concepts, and definitions,
characteristics, metaphors, symbols and descriptions.
3. The
goal of qualitative research is the researchers try to understand a research
object without making any theoretical prediction.
4. The
focus is not the condition or the results of a process, but the process itself,
like how effective teachers behave differently from ineffective teachers, or
how a writer become a skill writer, how students fail in their final exam.
5. The
research problems are usually made after the research has been started, when
some collected data have been analyzed. The research problems in qualitative
research are developing into more focused during the process of research.
6. The
data is collected by observing people when they are interacting in their
natural setting.
7. In
qualitative research the data analysis does not use statistics that requires
numerical data. Therefore the data are collected and recorded in description,
not symbols or numbers.
8. Qualitative
data are analyzed through logical-inductive analysis, a process of grouping,
regrouping, and matching data with research questions. The results are expressed
as verbal statements.
9. The
sources of data are assumed to be homogeneous, having no variation. Therefore the
trustworthy source of data does not come
from representation of different groups of the source, but selected based on
certain criteria to find the most authoritative one. The source in qualitative
research is usually called informants (of course when the source is human
being)
10. The
source of data can be many different kinds used. When personality is involved
as one of the variables, the data on personality are assessed from as many
different sources as many different sources as possible; from their parents,
from their neighborhood, from their diaries, etc.
11. The
researcher collects and analyzes data simultaneously to draw a temporary
conclusion and repeats the cycles several times, deciding what data needs to be
collected again to verify their temporary conclusion.
12. The
conclusions are inductively based on what people see as meaningful patterns,
concepts, trends or categories in the course of their everyday life experience.
13. Methods
in Qualitative Research:
1. Case
study : one of the qualitative research methods used to study in-depth a unit
of a person, a family, a social group, a social institution, or a community for
the purpose of understanding the life cycle or an important part of the life
cycle of the unit.
2. Ethnographic
3. Phenomenological
4. Constructivists
5. Participants
observational
6. Interpretive
7. Naturalistic
Enquiry
8. Exploratory
Descriptive
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